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Contract vs full-time software engineer jobs

Contract vs full-time, for a software engineer, comes down to this: a contract has to pay noticeably more per hour than a salaried job just to break even. As a contractor you pay for your own benefits, paid time off and the gaps between contracts, and in the US the employer's half of payroll tax too. A common rule of thumb is 1.25 to 1.5 times the salaried hourly rate.

Contracting suits experienced engineers with savings and a network; full-time suits people who want stability, benefits and a promotion track. Contracts are 6% of open tech jobs on PickedJobs today.

By PickedJobs · Updated · Live figures from 62,231 open jobs, as of (method)

What a contract rate has to cover: a worked example

Take a US salaried offer of $150,000 a year. Spread over 2,080 working hours, that's about $72 an hour. To replace it as a contractor:

ItemAmountAssumption
Salary$150,000The offer you're comparing against
Benefits you now buy yourself$25,000Health insurance, retirement match and other perks; varies widely
Employer half of payroll tax$11,4757.65% Social Security and Medicare, which a self-employed person pays as well as their own half
Total to replace$186,475
Billable hours1,76044 weeks of 40 hours: 4 weeks off, 4 weeks between contracts
Break-even rateabout $106 an hour1.47 times the salaried hourly rate

Your numbers will differ, especially for benefits and time between contracts. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics puts benefits at roughly 30% of total compensation for private-industry workers, so $25,000 is not a generous guess. Put in your own figures with the contractor vs employee calculator, or convert any rate with the salary to hourly calculator.

The kinds of contract you'll see

  • Agency or W-2 contract (US). A staffing firm employs you and bills the client. Tax is withheld; benefits are often thin.
  • Independent contractor (US 1099). You are self-employed, invoice directly and handle your own tax.
  • Outside the US, the same split exists under other names: B2B or freelance contracts in much of Europe, limited-company contracting in the UK (where the IR35 rules decide whether a contract is really employment for tax purposes).
  • Contract-to-hire. A fixed trial period, usually three to six months, before a possible full-time offer.
  • Employer of record. Not a contract at all: a third party employs you locally for a foreign company. 122 open listings on PickedJobs use this setup.

The label on the contract doesn't decide your status by itself. Many countries look at how the work is actually done, such as who controls your hours, tools and methods. If a “contract” looks exactly like a job, get advice before signing.

Who contracting suits

Contract tends to win if…Full-time tends to win if…
You have six months or more of savingsYou need predictable income or support a family
You have deep, in-demand skills and a network that brings workYou want mentorship and a promotion path to senior or staff
You value choosing projects and taking breaks between themYou want equity, a retirement match and employer health cover
You're happy to handle invoicing, tax and insuranceYou'd rather not run a one-person business

Questions to ask before you sign a contract

  • What is the rate, how many hours are guaranteed, and how is overtime paid?
  • How long is the contract, how often is it extended, and how much notice ends it?
  • When do invoices get paid (30 days is common), and who pays: the client, an agency or an EOR?
  • Who owns what you build, and does the agreement restrict other clients?

Finding contract roles

Filter for contract tech jobs on PickedJobs. If you are outside the US and want to work for a US company, contracting is often the setup on offer; our guide to getting a remote US job from another country explains the alternatives. To compare against salaried pay, see software engineer salary by level.

Frequently asked questions

How much more should a contractor charge than an employee earns?

A common rule of thumb is 1.25 to 1.5 times the salaried hourly rate, to cover benefits, unpaid time off, gaps between contracts and extra payroll tax. Work it out with your own numbers rather than relying on the rule.

What is the difference between a W-2 contract and a 1099 contract?

In the US, on a W-2 contract a staffing agency employs you, withholds tax and may offer some benefits. On a 1099 contract you are self-employed: nobody withholds tax and you pay both halves of Social Security and Medicare.

Is contract-to-hire worth it?

It can be, if the conversion terms are clear. Ask what the full-time salary would be, when the decision is made and how often contractors in that team convert.

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